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SPACES THAT MOVE US - NEUROARCHITECTURE
THE HIPPOCAMPUS
Neuroarchitecture is a multidisciplinary research field that deals with the interaction between the built environment and the human brain. It combines insights from neuroscience, psychology, architecture, and other related disciplines to understand how the design of spaces and buildings influences our cognitive, emotional, and physiological responses. Our reactions to buildings are influenced by the hippocampus area in the brain. Today, we have advanced scientific tools such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) that allow us to measure brain activity and physiological responses of individuals in different environments.
Simply put, neuroarchitecture refers to the various reactions that the user's brain generates when they are in a specific environment. These neural reactions can change the mood and behavior of the users in any space both in the short term and long term.
In addition to other parameters, these effects can be measured by analyzing the following parameters:
Brain stimuli (in brain regions that are active during the time the user is in the environment);
- 1. Brain stimuli (in brain regions that are active during the time the user is in the environment);
- 2. the reactions evoked by the brain in this environment;
- 3. Vital parameters that change in the environment (e.g. heart rate).
SIAMAK HARIRI AND THE BAHA'I TEMPLE
The idea that the built environment has an impact on people's well-being and behavior is not new. Even in ancient times, builders were intuitively concerned with creating spaces that were meant to evoke certain moods and reactions. For example, certain architectural features were used in temples to induce feelings of awe or spiritual elevation.
The Ted Talk by Siamak Hariri addresses this aspect using the example of the Bahá’í Temple.
LIGHT, SHAPE, COLORS, LAYOUT...
Neuroarchitecture aims to apply these scientific findings to optimize the design of spaces and buildings. By deliberately using colors, shapes, light, materials, and spatial layout, one can, for example, reduce stress, enhance concentration, or create a pleasant atmosphere.
The understanding of neuroarchitecture is increasingly influencing areas such as healthcare, education, and urban planning. It can help make hospitals more patient-friendly, create more effective learning environments, and design livable cities.
NEUROARCHITECTURE IN HEALTHCARE
Michael Murphy talks in his Ted Talk about the contribution that architecture can make to support healing processes.
Outstanding examples of the application of neuroarchitecture in the design of hospitals and facilities for cancer patients are the Maggie's Centres, which are distributed throughout the UK and were designed by Frank Gehry, Heatherwick, Snøhetta, and also Zaha Hadid. The latter also designed the Learning and Library Center of WU Vienna.
... IN EDUCATION
Neuroarchitecture is particularly indispensable in the design of educational institutions. The report Homereport 2023 also addresses the connection between education and architecture and conceptually captures the interaction under "Edutecture." Edutecture is in trend.
The RIBA Stirling Prize for the best new building in Great Britain in 2021 went to the new Town House of Kingston University, a building complex that cost £50 million to construct. In 2022, the prize also went to an educational institution – the new library of Magdalene College.
Similarly, the library designed by Rem Koolhaas and Joshua Prince-Ramus, the (Seattle Central Library), is an impressive example of how architecture utilizes natural light, flexible space design, and innovative spatial concepts to create an inspiring environment for learning and research.
Education pursues a different pedagogical approach in today's knowledge society than it did during the times of industrialization. In contrast, the appearance of educational institutions, which always reflect the pedagogical, cultural, and social values at the time of their construction, changes only slowly. However, exciting concepts and pilot projects are already showing how learning spaces can be rethought. "Advances in neuroarchitecture, such as the influence of air, light, and noise on human well-being, are revolutionizing the way education is implemented and educational spaces are designed," states Oona Horx Strathern in the Homereport 2023.
The company Ecophon develops, for example, new sound-damping methods for schools and kindergartens to create a quiet learning environment. Acoustic challenges are caused by hard surfaces, but can be reduced by suspended acoustic panels. This not only improves auditory quality but, interestingly, also the taste of school meals.
SENSE OF SMELL AND SPATIAL EXPERIENCE
The close connection between the sense of smell and spatial experience is also stimulated by new insights from neuroarchitecture. Architects like Steven Hall, Peter Zumthor, and Juhani Pallasmaa advocate for a synesthetic concept of architecture, where smells play just as important a role as sight. Alvar Aalto has significantly shaped this idea. For him, architecture consists of light, sounds, and smells. His buildings smell of the fragrances of Finnish forests. In spatial planning, scents are now deliberately used to create defining spatial experiences. This strategy is based on the understanding that the identity of a place is not only experienced visually but primarily olfactorily, and that this interaction between visual and olfactory stimuli determines the spatial experience.
NEUROAESTHETICS - ABOVE THE CLOUDS
In architecture, various neuroaesthetic principles such as symmetry, proportions, color schemes, natural materials, light, and shadow are particularly relevant in creating aesthetically pleasing environments.
An outstanding and award-winning example of how to design an exclusive residential property according to the principles of neuroarchitecture is the Villa las Nubes in southern Spain, which is currently part of AKKADIA's portfolio.
She is the perfect example of how neuro-aesthetic principles can be applied in architecture to create aesthetically pleasing and comfortable environments that elicit positive emotional responses and can influence people's well-being.
THE ARCHITECTURE IN ITSELF
Last but not least, this year's Architecture Biennale 2023 in Venice also shows that the interplay of emotions and space is at the pulse of time. In the book “The Emotional Power of Space”, the Finnish architect Pallasmaa is quoted, who ultimately sums up this fusion as follows:
"Whenever I enter a space, immediately the space enters me. Architecture is an exchange. I am not looking at architecture, but rather I find the architecture in me."